Legal Protection And Human Rights For Child Bullying Victims In Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v24i2.7705Keywords:
Bullying, Child Protection, Human Rights, Restorative Justice, CyberbullyingAbstract
Child bullying in Indonesia has evolved from mere mischief to a human rights crisis. This study aims to conduct a qualitative systematic review of the legal construction, effectiveness of sanctions, and policy gaps in handling bullying in Indonesia. This study uses a “Qualitative Systematic Review” (QSR) design with a thematic analysis approach. The findings reveal four crucial themes: (1) bullying is not just a criminal offense, but a constitutional violation of the 1945 Constitution; (2) there is a “legal void” in cases of handling child “cyberbullying,” where the ITE Law often fails to protect victims from “re-victimization”; (3) there is a dualism of sanctions between a rigid retributive (criminal) approach and restorative justice whose oversight has not been standardized; and (4) the failure of institution-based prevention due to a “zero tolerance” policy that does not address the roots of the culture of school violence. This study concludes that the current legal framework is still reactive and partial. This study is expected to form a "hybrid model" that integrates the codification of special criminal law (lex specialis) with local wisdom-based recovery mechanisms (living law) to fight for justice that restores the dignity of child victims
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