PROBLEMATIKA UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA MENYERANG KEHORMATAN DAN NAMA BAIK DIKAITKAN DENGAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v24i2.6305Kata Kunci:
pencemaran nama baik, Undang-Undang ITE, kepastian hukum, kebebasan berekspresi.Abstrak
Pencemaran nama baik melalui media elektronik menjadi isu yang semakin kompleks seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi. Kehadiran media sosial telah mempermudah penyebaran informasi, namun juga membuka ruang bagi penyalahgunaan kebebasan berekspresi yang dapat merugikan pihak lain. Salah satu bentuk tantangan hukum yang muncul adalah ketentuan Pasal 27A dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 yang mengatur tentang tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik melalui sistem elektronik. Pasal ini dinilai multitafsir dan berpotensi disalahgunakan untuk membatasi kritik atau ekspresi sah warga negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif, dengan menitikberatkan pada analisis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, doktrin hukum, serta putusan pengadilan yang relevan. Data sekunder diperoleh dari studi literatur dan dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk menelaah sejauh mana Pasal 27A UU ITE memberikan kepastian hukum serta sejalan dengan prinsip hak asasi manusia, khususnya hak atas kebebasan berpendapat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 27A UU ITE, meskipun bertujuan melindungi kehormatan dan nama baik seseorang, masih mengandung kelemahan dari aspek redaksional dan implementatif. Istilah “orang lain” dalam pasal tersebut menimbulkan ambiguitas dan dapat menjerat siapa pun, termasuk mereka yang menyuarakan kepentingan publik. Dalam beberapa kasus, pasal ini terbukti menjadi alat kriminalisasi terhadap kritik yang sah. Hal ini bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum dan semangat demokrasi sebagaimana dijamin dalam UUD 1945. Kesimpulannya, diperlukan revisi dan penafsiran yang lebih ketat terhadap Pasal 27A UU ITE agar sejalan dengan prinsip legalitas, kepastian hukum, dan perlindungan terhadap kebebasan berpendapat. Harmonisasi antara UU ITE dan KUHP menjadi langkah penting untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan hukum serta menciptakan perlindungan hukum yang adil dan seimbang bagi seluruh warga negara.
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