Karakter Morfologi Jagung terhadap Tumpang Sari dengan Kedelai dan Aplikasi Dosis Pupuk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31941/biofarm.v20i2.5174Abstract
Sistem penanaman tumpang sari memanfaatkan keunggulan komplementer dari berbagai jenis tanaman untuk mewujudkan peningkatan produktivitas yang berkelanjutan. Hal ini diketahui berhasil meningkatkan hasil panen dalam area tanam tertentu, sambil mengurangi penggunaan bahan-bahan kimiawi. Dengan pendekatan ini, tanaman yang ditanam bersama saling mendukung pertumbuhan satu sama lain, menciptakan sistem pertanian yang lebih efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Pola tanam tumpang sari pada jagung dan kedelai telah menunjukkan potensi sebagai praktik pertanian yang efisien dalam penggunaan lahan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan karakter morfologi jagung terhadap tumoangsari dengan kedelai dan aplikasi dosis pupuk. Penelitian dilakukan di Alue Peunyareng, Kecamatan Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua faktor, yaitu varietas (4 taraf) yaitu V1 (Bonanza + Detap-1), V2 (Exotic + Detap-1), V3 (Bonanza + Grobogan), V4 (Exotic + Grobogan). Faktor kedua yaitu dosis pupuk (5 taraf) yaitu D1 : 100% rekomendasi: (Jagung: 300 kg ha-1 Urea + 150 kg ha-1 SP36 + 50 kg ha-1 KCl); (Kedelai: 30 kg ha-1 Urea + 60 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 30 kg ha-1 KCl), D2 : 75% rekomendasi + 10 ton/ha Pupuk Organik, D3 : 50% rekomendasi + 20 ton/ha Pupuk Organik, D4 : 25% rekomendasi pupuk + 30 ton/ha Pupuk Organik dan D5 : 40 ton/ha Pupuk Organik, menghasilkan 20 kombinasi perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakteristik morfologi tanaman jagung. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji F, dan jika berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) Tukey pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 14 dan 21 HST, diameter batang umur 14, 21, dan 28 HST. Namun varietas berpengaruh tidak nyata pada tinggi jagung di umur lainnya.
References
Anyoni O, Tumwebaze, S. Ekwangu J, Mudde B. & Alfred O. 2023. Effects of Intercropping on Maize and Soybean Yield Performance, Land Equivalent Ratio, and Maize Leaf Area in Conservation Agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Science. 16. 37.
Aziz M, Mahmood A, Asif M, Ali A. 2015. Wheat-Based Intercropping: A Review. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 25(4): 896-907.
Baghdadi A, Halim RA, Ghasemzadeh A, Ramlan MF, Sakimin SZ. 2018. Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of silage corn intercropped with soybean. PeerJ 6: e5280.
Brooker RW, Bennett AE, Cong WF, Daniell TJ, George TS, Hallett PD, Hawes C, Iannetta PPM, Jones HG, Karley AJ, Li L, McKenzie BM, Pakeman RJ, Paterson E, Schöb C, Shen J, Squire G, Watson CA, Zhang C, Zhang F, et al. 2015. Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology. New Phytologist, 206, 107–117.
Brooker RW, Karley AJ, Newton AC, Pakeman RJ & Schöb C. 2016. Facilitation and sustainable agriculture: a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and conservation. Funct. Ecol. 30, 98–107.
Du JB, Tian-fu HAN, Jun-yi GAI, Tai-wen YONG, Xin SUN, Xiao-chun WANG, Feng YANG, Jiang LIU, Kai SHU, Wei-guo LIU, Wen-yu YANG. 2018. Maize-soybean strip intercropping: Achieved a balance between high productivity and sustainability. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 17(4), 747-754.
Efthimiadou A, Bilalis D, Karkanis A, & Froud-Williams B. 2010. Combined organic/inorganic fertilization enhance soil quality and increased yield, photosynthesis and sustainability of sweet maize crop. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4(9), 722-729.
Eskandari H & Ghanbari A. 2009. Intercropping of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) as whole-crop forage: Effect of different planting pattern on total dry matter production and maize forage quality. Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca 37, 152–155.
Faraswati R, Rahutomo S, Pradiko I, Ginting EN. 2021. Review - Pemupukan melalui tanah serta daun dan kemungkinan mekanismenya pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Warta PPKS, 2021, 26(1): 7-19.
Gao Y and Wu P. 2014. Growth, yield, and nitrogen use in the wheat/maize intercropping system in an arid region of northwestern China. Field Crops Res. 167: 19-30.
Hartatik W, Husnain H, & Widowati LR. 2015. Peranan pupuk organik dalam peningkatan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 9(2), 140352.
Hayati M, Nurfandi D, and Erita H. 2011. Pengaruh pupuk organik dan anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan beberapa varietas jagung manis di lahan tsunami. Jurnal Floratek 6, 74–83.
ILETRI, Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute. 2016. Description of Legume and Tuber Crops Seeds. Central Research Institute for Food Crops – The AARD, The Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia,142 p.
Li L, Tilman D, Lambers H, Zhang F S. 2014. Plant diversity and overyielding: Insights from belowground facilitation of intercropping in agriculture. New Phytologist, 203, 63–69.
Kannan RL, Dhivya M, Abinaya, D, Krishna RL & Krishnakumar S. 2013. Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil fertility and productivity in maize. Bull. Environ. Pharmacol. Life Sci. 2, 61–67.
Marc-Olivier Martin-Guay, Alain Paquette, Jérôme Dupras, David Rivest. 2018. The new Green Revolution: Sustainable intensification of agriculture by intercropping. Science of The Total Environment. 615, 767-772.
Mulyati M, Baharuddin AB, Wulan T, & Sri R. 2021. Serapan Hara N, P, K dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung pada berbagai dosis pupuk anorganik dan organik di tanah inceptisol. Jurnal Sains Teknologi dan Lingkungan, 55-66.
Mutmainnah M, Sudiarso S, & Wicaksono K. 2024. Response of Potassium Fertilizer Application to Production and Sugar Content of Several Varieties of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.). In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Education, Humanities, Health and Agriculture, ICEHHA 2023, 15-16 December 2023, Ruteng, Flores, Indonesia.
Nasaruddin. 2010. Dasar-Dasar Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Penerbit Yayasan Forest Indonesia dan Fakultas Pertanian Unhas. Makassar.
Pramanda RP, Hidayat KF, Sunyoto & Kamal M. 2015. Pengaruh aplikasi bahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Jurnal Agrotek Tropika. 3(1), 85-91.
Prakoso TB dan Handayani T. 2018. Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Hayati Petrobio dan Pupuk NPK Mutiara terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays Varietas Saccharate Sturt.) Varietas Talenta. Jurnal Ilmiah Hijau Cendekia 3.
Rahmawati, D., Yudistira, T., & Mukhlis, S. 2014. Uji Inbreeeding Depression Terhadap Karakter Fenotipe Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays var. Saccharata Sturt) Hasil Selfing Dan Open Pollinated 1. Jurnal Ilmiah Inovasi, 14(2).
Ramadhani RH, Roviq M, & Maghfoer MD. 2016. Pengaruh sumber pupuk nitrogen dan waktu pemberian urea pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays Sturt.var. saccharata) (Doctoral dissertation, Brawijaya University).
Robani F, Faturrahman F, & Rahmi R. 2022. Analisis Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Jagung Ungu Pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Nacl. Agrotekbis: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian (e-journal), 10(6), 928-935.
Rofiah D, Pratiwi SH, dan Sutikno B. 2018. Pengaruh saat tanam jagung manis hibrida (Zea mays L.) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kubis bunga (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis, L.) dataran rendah dalam sistem tumpangsari. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Merdeka Pasuruan. 2(1):16-21.
Syamsiyah J, Herdiyansyah G, Hartati S, Suntoro S, Widijanto H, Larasati I, & Aisyah N. 2023. Pengaruh substitusi pupuk kimia dengan pupuk organik terhadap sifat kimia dan produktivitas jagung di Alfisol Jumantono. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 10(1), 57-64.
Xu Z, Li C, Zhang C, Yu Y, Werf WVD, Zhang F. 2019. Intercropping maize and soybean increase efficiency of land and fertilizer nitrogen use; A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research. 246 (107661).
Wulansari R, Farhana B, & Fajrina N. 2023. Field Emergence Test in Relation to Laboratory Seed Quality Tests of Sweet Corn Seed. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1160, No. 1, p. 012017). IOP Publishing.
Zahrah S. 2011. Respons Berbagai Varietas Kedelai (Glycine max (L) Merril) terhadap Pemberian Pupuk NPK Organik. J. Teknobiol. 2(1): 65-69.
Zainab F, Ahmad S, & Hussain M. 2023. Synergistic effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility and crop productivity. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 186(1), 45-56.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
