Karakter Morfologi, Fisiologi dan Hasil Tiga Varietas Kubis (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) Pada Tiga Perbedaan Jarak Tanam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31941/biofarm.v20i2.4841Abstract
ABSTRAK
Optimasi pemanfaatan lahan melalui pengaturan jarak tanam yang didukung oleh adaptasi varietas yang sesuai, merupakan alternatif solusi dalam upaya meningkatkan produktivitas kubis di tengah tantangan terus terjadinya berkurangnya luas lahan pertanian dan perubahan iklim. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui perubahan karakter morfologi, fisiologi dan hasil tiga varietas tanaman kubis pada tiga jarak tanam yang berbeda. Penelitian menggunakan pola dasar Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri atas sembilan perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan berupa kombinasi varietas kubis dengan jarak tanam yang terdiri atas: V1J1 (varietas KK cross dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 50 cm); V2J1 (varietas Summer Autumn dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 50 cm); V3J1 (varietas Bright Top dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 50 cm); V1J2 (varietas KK Cross dengan jarak tanam 50 cm x 50 cm); V2J2 (varietas Summer Autumn dengan jarak tanam 50 cm x 50 cm); V3J2 (varietas Bright Top dengan jarak tanam 50 cm x 50 cm); V1J3 (varietas KK Cross dengan jarak tanam 60 cm x 50 cm); V2J3 (varietas Summer Autumn dengan jarak tanam 60 cm x 50 cm) dan V3J3 (varietas Bright Top dengan jarak tanam 60 cm x 50 cm). Data hasil peneltian dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam dan bila terdapat perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan jarak dalam baris dari 30 cm menjadi 60 cm pada jarak antar baris tanaman yang sama selebar 50 cm, tidak mengubah karakter morfologi dari ketiga varietas kubis. Perbedaan karakter fisiologi dari ketiga varietas kubis lebih didominasi oleh sifat genetis dibanding perubahan jarak tanam. Verietas KK Cross menunjukkan karakter hasil lebih baik dibanding varietas Bright Top pada jarak tanam lebar 60 cm x 50 cm.
Kata kunci: Area tumbuh, Kubis, Produktivitas
ABSTRACT
Optimizing land use supported by adapting appropriate varieties, is an alternative solution in an effort to increase cabbage productivity amidst the on going challenges of decreasing agricultural land and climate change. Optimizing land use through plant spacing is one of the easiest forms of cultivation intensification to increase productivity. The research aims to determine changes in morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of three varieties of cabbage at three difference planting distances. The research is based on Randomized Complete Block Design pattern consisting of nine treatments with three replications. The treatments included a combination of cabbage varieties with planting distances consisting of: V1J1 (KK cross variety with a planting distance of 40 cm x 50 cm); V2J1 (Summer Autumn variety with a planting distance of 40 cm x 50 cm); V3J1 (Bright Top variety with a planting distance of 40 cm x 50 cm); V1J2 (KK Cross variety with a planting distance of 50 cm x 50 cm); V2J2 (Summer Autumn variety with a planting distance of 50 cm x 50 cm); V3J2 (Bright Top variety with a planting distance of 50 cm x 50 cm); V1J3 (KK Cross variety with a planting distance of 60 cm x 50 cm); V2J3 (Summer Autumn variety with a planting distance of 60 cm x 50 cm) and V3J3 (Bright Top variety with a planting distance of 60 cm x 50 cm). The research data obtained were analyzed using variance and if there were significant differences, it was continued with the HSD test at the 5% level. The research results showed that increasing the distance in rows from 30 cm to 60 cm with a distance between rows of the same plant of 50 cm did not change the morphological characters of the three cabbage varieties. The differences in physiological characteristics of the three cabbage varieties are more dominated by genetic characteristics than planting distance changes. The KK Cross variety shows better yield characteristics than the Bright Top variety at a wide spacing of 60 cm x 50 cm.
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Keywords: Growing space, Cabbage, Productivity
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