Repellensi dan Toksisitas Minyak Atsiri Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson) terhadap Sitophilus oryzae L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31941/biofarm.v19i1.2850Abstract
Hama kumbang bubuk beras, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) merupakan hama primer pada serealia di penyimpanan dengan kehilangan hasil mencapai 70%. Teknologi pengendalian alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan yaitu penggunaan minyak atsiri daun kirinyuh. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengujian aktivitas repellensi dan toksisitas minyak atsiri daun kirinyuh imago S. oryzae. Konsentrasi minyak atsiri daun kirinyuh yang diuji yaitu 0,25, 0,5, 1, 2, 4% (v/v) dan kontrol. Percobaan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Metode residu pada kertas saring digunakan untuk pengujian aktivitas repellensi dan toksisitas minyak atsiri daun kirinyuh. Hubungan konsentrasi minyak atsiri daun kirinyuh dengan mortalitas imago S. oryzae ditentukan dengan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri daun kirinyuh menyebabkan repellensi dan mortalitas imago S. oryzae bersifat terpaut konsentrasi. Aktivitas repellensi dan kematian imago pada konsentrasi 0,25–4% mencapai > 50%. Nilai LC50 minyak atsiri daun kirinyuh pada 2–7 hari setelah aplikasi berkisar antara 1,71– 0,22%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri daun kirinyuh dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengendalian imago S. oryzae pada produk serealia yang disimpan.
References
Acero, L.H. 2014. Dried siam weed (Chromolaena odorota) as rice weevils (Sitophilus oryzae) eradicant. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications. 5(5): 363–366.
Andrianto, B.S., Rustam, R., & Sutikno, A. 2016. Uji dosis tepung buah sirih hutan (Piper aduncum L.) terhadap mortalitas hama Sitophilus oryzae L. pada beras di penyimpanan. JOM Faperta UR. 3(1): 1–8.
Annisa, M., Hendrival, & Khaidir. 2021. Evaluasi ketahanan beras lokal provinsi Sumatera Barat terhadap hama Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Jurnal Agrotek Tropika. 9(3): 543–552.
Arif, A. 2015. Pengaruh bahan kimia terhadap penggunaan pestisida lingkungan. Jurnal Farmasi. 3(4): 134–143.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. 2008. Biological effects of essential oils. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 46: 446–475.
Barakat, D.A. 2011. Insesecticidal and antifeedant activities and chemical composition of Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex (Rutaceae) leaf extract and its fractions against Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 5(9): 693–703.
Bouda, H., Tapondjou, L.A., Fontem, D.A., & Gumedzoe, M.Y.D. 2001. Effect of essential oils from leaves of Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata of the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Product Research. 37: 103–109.
Burt, S. 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 94(3): 223–253.
Dewi, H.E., Rusli, R., & Ayu, W.D. 2019. Formulasi krim antibakteri fraksi asetat daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata). Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan. 2(2): 11–106.
Gillij, Y.G., Gleiser, R.M., & Zygadlo, J.A. 2008. Mosquito repellent activity of essential oils of aromatic plants growing in Argentina. Bioresource Technology. 99(1): 2507–2515.
Hasyim, A., Setiawati, W., Jayanti, J., & Krestini, E.H. 20014. Repelensi minyak atsiri terhadap hama gudang bawang Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyrallidae) di laboratorium. Jurnal Hortikultura. 24(4), 336–345.
Hendrival & R. Muetia. 2016. Pengaruh periode penyimpanan beras terhadap pertumbuhan populasi Sitophilus oryzae (L.) dan kerusakan beras. Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi. 4(2): 95–101.
Hendrival, Latifah, Saputra, D., & Orina. 2016. Kerentanan jenis tepung terhadap infestasi kumbang tepung merah (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Jurnal Agrikultura. 27(3): 148–153.
Hendrival & Marwan. 2016. Aktivitas insektisida nabati terhadap mortalitas dan penghambatan kemunculan imago Sitophilus oryzae L. Jurnal Agrista. 20 (2): 66–77.
Hendrival & Melinda, L. 2017. Pengaruh kepadatan populasi Sitophilus oryzae (L.) terhadap pertumbuhan populasi dan kerusakan beras. Biospecies. 10(1): 17–24.
Hendrival & Mayasari, E. 2017. Kerentanan dan kerusakan beras terhadap serangan hama pascapanen Sitophilus zeamais L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Jurnal Agro. 4(2): 68–79.
Hendrival, M.S. Ninggsih, Maryati, Putri, C.N., & Nasrianti. 2017. Sinergisme serbuk daun Ageratum conyzoides, rimpang Curcuma longa, dan Zingiber officinale terhadap Sitophilus oryzae L. Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi. 10 (2): 101–109.
Hendrival, M.S. Ningsih, Chodiron, & Wismawati, A. 2017. Toksisitas insektisida nabati dari Famili Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, dan Euphorbiaceae terhadap Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Jurnal Biosains. 3(1): 1–8.
Hendrival, Khaidir, Afzal, A., & Rahmaniah. 2018. Kerentanan beras dari padi lokal Dataran Tinggi Aceh terhadap hama pascapanen Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Jurnal Agroteknologi. 8(2): 21–30.
Hendrival. 2019. Toksisitas dan Sinergistik Insektisida Nabati terhadap Sitophilus oryzae. Sefa Bumi Persada. Lhokseumawe.
Hendrival, Khaidir, & Nurhasanah. 2019. Pertumbuhan populasi Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) dan karakteristik kehilangan bobot pada beras. Jurnal Agrista. 23(2): 64–75.
Hendrival, Afriani, D., & Aryani, D.S. 2019. Susceptibility and damage cereals to infestation Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in storage. Jurnal Agro. 6(1): 57–65.
Hendrival, Putra, R.L., & Aryani, D.S. 2019. Susceptibility of sorghum cultivars to Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during storage. Planta Tropika: Journal of Agro Science. 7(2): 110–116.
Hendrival, & Rangkuti, R.R. 2020. Interaksi antar spesies hama pascapanen pada gandum. Agriprima: Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences. 4(2): 136–145.
Hendrival, Rahmi, C., Yusnelis, Nurdin, M.Y., & Wirda, Z. 2022. Comparison population of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and damage cereals during storage period. PLANTROPICA: Journal of Agricultural Science. 7(2): 82–91.
Hendrival, Juhaimi, Sari, Y., Usnawiyah, & Khaidir. 2022. Pengaruh kepadatan populasi dan periode penyimpanan terhadap pertumbuhan populasi Sitophilus oryzae (L.) dan kerusakan sorgum. Jurnal Agrium. 19(3): 248–256.
Hendrival, Khaidir, Rahmaniah, Afzal, A., & Nasution, H.F. 2022. Klasifikasi kerentanan beras dari plasma nutfah padi lokal Aceh terhadap hama Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Jurnal Agrotech. 12(1): 23–32.
Hendrival, Khairunnisa, R., & Munauwar, M.M. 2022. Variasi kerentanan dan kerusakan serealia setelah infestasi hama kumbang bubuk (Sitophilus oryzae L.) berdasarkan kadar air. Agriprima: Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences. 6(1): 73–84.
Hendrival, Sitompul, S., & Wirda, Z. 2022. Interaksi antara Sitophilus oryzae (L.) dan Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) terhadap pertumbuhan populasi dan kerusakan sorgum. Biofarm: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian. 18(2): 134–141.
Isnaini, M., Pane, E.R., & Wiridianti, S. 2015. Pengujian beberapa jenis insektisida nabati terhadap kutu beras (Sitophilus oryzae). Jurnal Biota. 1(1): 1–8.
Joshi, R.K. 2013. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. roots from India. Journal of Chemistry. vol. 2013: 195057.
Kalita, S., Hazarika, L.K., Das P., & Das, K. 2018. Efficacy of Chromolaena odorata leaf powder and Beauveria bassiana against stored grain pests. Indian Journal of Entomology. 80(3): 1005–1010.
Lihawa, Z. & Toana, M.H. 2017. Pengaruh konsentrasi serbuk majemuk biji sarikaya dan biji sirsak terhadap mortalitas kumbang beras Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) di penyimpanan. Agrotekbis. 5(2): 190–195.
Lina, M. 2016. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun legundi (Vitex trifolia) sebagai pestisida nabati pengendalian hama Plutella xylostella pada tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea). Jurnal Biologi. 5(4): 34–40.
Liu, C.H., Mishra, A.K., Tan, R.X., Yang, H., & Shen, Y.F. 2006. Repellent and insecticidal activities of essential oils from Artemisia princeps and Cinnamomum camphora and their effect on seed germenation of wheat and broad bean. Bioresource Technology. 97. 1969–1973.
Nasution, H.F., Hendrival, Hafifah, Munauwar, M.M., & Nurdin, M.Y. 2022. Karakteristik dimensi beras lokal Propinsi Sumatera Utara dan kajian kerentanannya terhadap Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Ziraa'ah: Majalah Ilmiah Pertanian. 47(2): 267–278.
Okpile, C., Zakka, U., & Nwosu, L.C. 2021. Susceptibility of ten rice brands to weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and their influence on the insect and infestation rate. Bulletin of the National Research Centre. 45(2): 2−10.
Phillips, A.K. & Appel, A.G. 2010. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 103(3): 781–790.
Sari, G.W.P. & Supartono. 2014. Ekstraksi Minyak kenanga (Cananga odorata) untuk pembuatan skin lotion penolak serangga. Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. 37(1): 62–70.
Sfara, V., Zerba, E.N., & Alzogaray, R.A. 2009. Fumigant insecticidal activity and repellent effect of five essential oils and seven monoterpenes on first-instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus. Journal of Medical Entomology. 46(3): 511–515.
Siramon, P., Ohtani, Y., & Ichiura, H. 2009. Biological perfermonce of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf oils from Thailand against the Subtererranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Journal of Wood Science. 55(1): 41–46.
Susanti, S., Hendrival, Usnawiyah, Hafifah, & Nazaruddin, M. 2022. Kerentanan relatif jenis beras terhadap Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pada keadaan kadar air rendah. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agroekoteknologi. 1(1): 10–17.
Syapariah, Hendrival, Khaidir, Hafifah, & Nazimah. 2022. Kerentanan relatif beras terhadap hama kumbang bubuk gabah (Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)). Agrifarm: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian. 11(1): 11–17.
Talukder, F. & Howse, P.E. 1994. Laboratory Evaluation of Toxic and Repellent Properties of the Pithraj Tree (Aphanamixis polystachya Wall & Parker) against Sitophilus oryzae (L.). International Journal of Pest Management. 40(3): 274–279.
Tunón, H., Thorsell, W., Mikiver, A., & Malander, I. 2006. Arthropod repellency, especially tick (Ixodes ricinus), exerted by extract from Artemisi abrotanum and essential oil from flowers of Dianthun caryophyllum. Fitoterapia. 77(1): 257–261.
Ubulom, P.M.E., Akpan, A.U., Umohata, I.A., & Iboyo, E.A. 2020. Contact and repellent effects of essential oils of Chromolaena odorata (L.) and Uvaria chamae (P. Beauv) against Macrotermes bellicosus (Smeathman). Journal of Biological Research & Biotechnology. 18(2): 1154–1163.
Vaisakh, M.N. & Pandey, A. 2012. The invasive weed with healing properties: a review on Chromolaena odorata. International Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 3(1): 80–83.
Wakil, W., Kavallieratos, N.G., Usman, M., Gulzar, S., & El-Shafie, H.A.F. 2021. Detection of phosphine resistance in field populations of four key stored-grain insect pests in Pakistan. Insects. 12: 288.
Zakladnoy, G.A. 2018. Efect of grain infestation with the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) on the quality of grain and grain products. Entomological Review. 98: 659–662.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
